Identify Tranisitions Experienced by Most Children and Young People Essay

A Transition is a movement, passage or change from one position, state, stage, subject or concept to another. The change can be gradual or sudden and last for differing time periods, meaning some transitions are short term while others are long term. Children make transitions without prior experience so it may feel daunting such as their first day at school, first exam or first sexual expression. Most children will experience many transitions within their life; the most common transitions that most children experience are detailed below. One common transition that children experience is moving home whether it is within the same town the already live in or to a new city. Moving from the street they know and the house they have grown up in surrounded by their friends can be a very daunting experience for children as it’s the unknown. It may cause them to become frustrated as they are been torn away from favourite places and old friends. They will also feel anxious about moving to a new town and neighbourhood and worry about making new friends. Friends may also move away either from their neighbourhood or they could move schools. This may leave the child feeling like they have lost a friend, they may feel nervous about making new friends leading them to feel anxious and shy. They will also experience upset if their friend is moving far away and they are not likely to see them again i.e. if they emigrate. Puberty is a transition that all children will experience but they will all experience puberty at a different ages while some girls start puberty around the age of 11 others don’t start till they are 15, this is also the case with boys. Puberty can be a scary thing to go through as a child it may leave them feeling confused about the changes going on in their bodies, they may also begin to feel self-conscious for example if they are maturing slower or faster than friends as they will be constantly comparing their bodies with friends bodies. Children will also feel like they have no control over the changes taking place. During this stage children might become dismissive and argumentative as a way to take out their frustration of the changes taking place within their body. Starting a new school is another transition that all children will experience i.e. when they first start nursery, primary school or secondary school. It can be a daunting experience for a child especially if none of their existing friends are going, they will feel anxious as they won’t know what to expect. They may also be nervous about the fact they have to make new friends and settle into new surroundings. Children may become shy, dismissive and anxious until they have settled in and feel comfortable within the surroundings. Another transition that children will experience is sitting their first exam, they will fell anxious and nervous about what to expect they may also be worried about the result and concerned that they haven’t done well enough to get onto the course they may want for their future career. This can cause a child a great deal of stress and anxiety so it is important that they are supported by teachers and parents. When a child experiences there first sexual experience it can be very stressful they will feel anxious about what is about to happen as they have never experienced it before they may also feel nervous about what to do and might feel shy. These are the main transitions that most children will experience as they are growing up. The situations can cause negative feelings for a child including; anxiety, nervous, embarrassed, upset, jealous, confused and frustrated. Transitions also cause positive feelings for the child including; content, excited, boost of self-esteem and proud of themselves. It is important that children experience transitions as it helps them to learn and develop and also helps them learn how to cope in different situations that may be stressful and uncomfortable. It is important that children are supported by parents, peers, teachers and other adults around them when experiencing transitions to help them cope with the situation and also to give them advice and emotional support, the support and help that is required will differ depending on the child’s age, situation, ability to cope and other individual circumstances.

Impact Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Supporters of companies going public suggest that gaining additional capital is one of the benefits medium sized companies gain by going public. The rationale for going public is to float the shares of the company through the stock market by starting an initial public offer (IPO) inviting the public to purchase its shares and raise additional capital. Once the company has met all of the requirements for filing Security Stock and Exchange (SEC) they are in compliance with SOX.Under SOX section 404, requires all CEO and CFO to certify and report to the public the effectiveness of internal control over the financial statements. Secondly, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is another benefit accrued by a medium sized company by going public through publication of it information. Aside from profitability, corporate social responsibility aids company to position ineffective market-based solutions to social. By CSR redirect negative problems caused by corporate operations onto the consum er and protecting their interests while hampering efforts to find just and sustainable solutions.The rationale of publishing company information is to give the company a platform to state its willingness to take into consideration the stakes of all stakeholders involved in its financing and operations. This increases public confidence in the company. Going public also benefits a medium sized company by increasing its competitive advantage in the global market. Going public is a strategic objective by some medium sized companies to become competitively aligned. Finally, gain competitive advantage all through expanded capital base and improved public confidence.Create an argument that the same goals may be achieved if the company remains a privately held entity. Provide support for your answers The opponents of public listing held that a company can acquire the benefits of going public while still being private and more efficient. For instance, Leuz (2007) asserts that a company can g ain additional capital through borrowing loans from banks as opposed to going public. Corporate social responsibility can also be obtained even for privately owned companies that actively engage in community advancement programs.In this way, the company meets the requirements of its stakeholders without exposing itself to public scrutiny and retains its ability to maintain a competitive advantage through internal strengths and enhanced customer relationship management (Dolvin & Pyles, 2007). The opponents of going public also hold that a corporation can devise ways of being strategically aligned while retaining its private status. For instance, a private company can make objectives that are strategically aligned to its vision and mission and narrow its market niche to serve the needs of its customers.This can be achieved through strategies such as being the least cost provider for commodities or emphasizing unique customer experience through the provision of quality products. This d isqualifies the perception that a company can only gain competitive advantage by going public (Li, Morton & Sonja, 2008). When a company decides to go public, it can typically obtain capital by issuing stocks or bonds. Suggest four (4) leading financial rations that will be evaluated and how each will impact the company’s decision to obtain expansion funds. Determine whether the results of the ratios would alter the decision to go public.Financial analysis serves as both a control and planning tool. Aids in making important company decisions obtain expansion funds and also on the decision to go public or remain private. Liquidity ratio illustrates the ability of a company to pay its accrued debt in the short term. A company with high liquidity ratios is not advised to obtain expansion funds through debt since it cannot pay up the already accrued debt. It would be advisable for such a company to generate expansion funds by going public since this increases the equity ratio and reduces the debt and liquidity ratios (Alrafadi, & Md-Yusuf, 2011).Activity ratio assesses the ability of the company to convert its assets to cash. When activity ratio is high, the company should go public since it already has liquid cash and needs to save up more of its finances through the floating of shares compared to borrowing cash. Profitability ratios assess the measures that organizations will use in making money. It mainly assesses the profitability of a company against the earnings ratio, and when this ratio is low, the company needs to remain private then go public since its profitability will not attract any investors (Alrafadi, & Md-Yusuf, 2011).Debt ratio is aimed at assessing what amount of the company capital structure constitutes debt capital. Where the company has a lower debt ratio, it means that it has more of equity than debt, which is a good state in a company. In this case, the company can borrow debt capital or go public to gain more funds as it has a stron g debt ratio. That it is essential to analyze the financial ratios of a company prior to deciding, whether to obtain more funds by going public (Alrafadi, & Md-Yusuf, 2011).By researching, the results of SOX compliance surveys assess the financial impact that SOX might have on your company if it decides to go public. Considering the impact SOX compliance, take a position as to whether your company can overcome the challenges posed by identifying the potential advantages and disadvantages that SOX may have on your company. SOX is a legal framework developed by the United States with the aim of increasing the accountability and transparency of listed companies, especially pertaining to the cost of going public.Transparency is one of the advantages gained by a medium sized company that uses SOX to go public. Structures put in place through SOX monitor the internal systems of the company, prevent failure, ensure accurate disclosures and improves the management of risk of the company. Th is enhances the transparency of the medium sized company and increases its credibility among the public and potential shareholders (Kaserer, Mettler & Obernberger, 2011). Going public with SOX also enhances the reliability of medium sized companies.The consumers and members of the public are able to predict the company’s behavior since the company publishes its accounts. Through transparency and improved public scrutiny, shareholders and other stakeholders such as customers are able to view the profit of the company, the prospectus and evaluate the ability of the company to meet their expectations in the future. The consumers can through public scrutiny develop confidence on the medium sized company going public via SOX, which increases customer base and profitability of the company (Litvak, 2007).Additionally, a medium sized company benefits from going public through SOX by enhancing investor confidence in the ability of the company to offer viable returns to investorsâ€⠄¢ investment. For example, an investor will be more confident in investing in a company that publishes its financial statements as a requirement of going public. This is because the investor will be able to view the profits of the company and its ability of the provide high returns on the investors capital. This benefits the company through investor loyalty and attracts more potential investors (Li, Morton & Sonja, 2008).Cost is one of the major negative impacts of SOX if a company goes public. For example, a company has to incur underwriting cost, which is a, direct cost for a company going public. The company going public under SOX also incurs indirect costs like under-pricing of its shares in the stock exchange (Wintoki, 2007). The Company also incurs legal cost since lawyers are needed to advise the company on legal consequences of going public. In most instances, the cost of a company going public through SOX outweighs the benefit of going public and may have adverse effects o n the company Leuz, 2007).Lack of secrecy is another adverse effect of a company going public through SOX. For example, a company that discloses its financial records risks sharing its strategic plans with its competitors, which robs the company the ability to remain competitive since its strategies and secrets are available for public scrutiny (Litvak, 2007). Moreover, involvement of external auditors is another adverse effect of SOX going public to medium sized companies. Example; prior to being private where a company would have just an internal auditor, a company that goes public also needs an external auditor to verify the internal systems of the Company.This further exemplifies the operations and the auditing costs of the company by going public as a report of the external auditor are more reputable compared to that of an internal auditor (Grifin & Lont, 2005). Make recommendation as the CEO regarding the alternative (i. e. , going public or staying private) that will best sup port the company’s expansion goals. As the Chief Executive Officer of a medium sized company, I recommend that the medium sized company should go public as this will support the company’s expansion goals.This is affirmed by the fact that going public fits into the strategic objectives of the company by being strategically aligned to gain competitive advantage. Although there are costs incurred during going public if the team is committed to the process and there are available resources to go public; economic feasibility evidences that the benefit of going public outweighs the risk and viable venture for any medium sized company. Moreover, though SOX has been challenged, the benefit that accrues to a medium sized company by going public affirms the rationale for a company to go public.

Studying Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Studying Abroad - Essay Example The website of American University in Dubai stated that studying abroad provides an opportunity to develop important competencies and traits in one's character, for example, confidence, personal growth etc. An individual can experience different factors in life and analyze about how people think from other cultures. The respective website also presented the argument that employment prospects can be enhanced to an international level. Experience in foreign organizations can teach valuable lessons of professionalism.Kutcher writes that the summers till September should be spent in taking various tests, for example, GMAT, GRE. Then, the college choices should be narrowed down by September and October. Later, work on the technicalities and documentations of the admission process and finally apply in November or December, depending on the due dates of every program.2.2 Negative Aspects of Staying AbroadJust as many arguments support getting the education from foreign countries, there even exist reasons for staying within the country and acquire education locally. The citizens of UAE should remain in their country and support its economy. There exist a common term known as ‘brain drain’. Smith defined it as the immigration of the brightest and best citizens to another country that causes harm to the economy of their homeland, thereby providing benefits to the other countries. Fleeing to other countries to get education weakens the economy of the country since most of the talent settle abroad.

The International Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The International Economy - Essay Example According to the World Bank reports, the net capital flows to developing countries have increased tremendously from $ 28 billion in 1970s to $306 Billion 1997 (World Bank 2001: 110). This has led to increased investments and economic growth of those countries. However, the performance of a nation depends on its structural characteristics, resource endowment and policies or the investment climate. Though developing countries account for a third of world trade, most of its trade is to other developing countries and mainly depends on primary commodity exports. Trade liberalization in these countries therefore has not been able to stimulate economic growth and exports (Parikh 2007). For economic growth to be realised, developing countries need to engage in trade of manufactures and services. If developing countries still remain underdeveloped and the gap between developed and developing countries continues to widen, what then is the role of trade liberalization and investment in the econ omic growth of third world countries? To answer this question, the paper will discuss trade liberalization, investment liberalization, economic growth, and the reasons why there is a wide gap between developed and developing countries. Trade Liberalization There has been a tremendous growth of the world trade for the past 20yrs. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) puts the growth rate at six percent per year (IMF 2001). This has been made possible by various rounds of multilateral trade agreements under GATT which later formed the world Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The WTO is entrusted with the role of regulating world trade and settling disputes among trading nations and is guided by several principles. The Most favoured Nation (MFN) and national treatment principles guard against any form of discrimination. The trade is also supposed to freerer by removing trade barriers through rounds of negotiations. The trade is also competitive as unfair practices such as damping of pro ducts at cheap prices are not encouraged. The trading partners are guided by the WTO rules hence cannot change trade policies arbitrarily thus the trade is predictable. Another principle of the world trade is that it is to be beneficial to less developed countries. As such, various rounds of negotiations have been going on to decide on how to make trade favourable to developing countries especially by allowing them more time to implement tariff reduction. As a result, most developing countries have opened their economies to trade and are enjoying the benefits. According to Blandford (2007), 2/3 of the current 148 members of WTO are developing countries. Despite opening the economies to trade, most developing countries continue to put restrictions to trade to protect domestic industries. Furthermore, as Parikh (2007) notes, most developed countries continue to put restrictions of access in areas of export interest to developing countries and are also experiencing slow growth hence do not import a lot from those countries. This affects many developing countries that rely on primary commodities for export as their imports outweigh exports resulting in unfavourable terms of trade. Most beneficiaries of trade liberali

An examination of colossians Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

An examination of colossians - Dissertation Example On the other hand, there are some scholars who are looking into the past using the lens of the current period. 4This approach also suffers from the pitfall of failing to see the uniqueness of the situation of the past, thus distinguishing it from the current human condition.5 The problem of ethnocentrism is crucial in interpreting past events, contexts, and narratives. In this regard, Colossians 1.12-13 presents an old theme and promise repeatedly told in the Old Testament that is fulfilled by Jesus in the New Testament and yet a seeming contradiction to many in contemporary society, †¦Constantly give thanks to the Father who has empowered us to receive our share in the inheritance of the saints in his kingdom of light. He has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son †¦ The verse offers a summary of God’s redemptive act of love. It speaks no longer of a promise, but of a reality that is made available to those â₠¬Å"the Father who has qualified .. to share in the inheritance of His holy people in the kingdom of light†.6 Likewise, it uses the imagery of â€Å"deliverance as presented in Exodus and Jesus theme of Kingdom†. ... The second concern raise against Colossians 1.12-13 is the fact that, the contemporary period, lives in the â€Å"age of syncretism†. The contemporary period is marked by the continued effort of many to harmonize existing religious differences. This is not in itself wrong, but it creates a system wherein Jesus is relegated as one of the founders of religion and Christianity is just one of the many religions.8 In the effort to create a harmonious space for the co-existence of various recognized religions, beliefs, ideologies, and other principles and philosophies, Jesus becomes just one of the leaders of religion, â€Å"they are not denying him , but they are dethroning Him and robbing Him of His rightful place of preeminence†. 9As such, there is a crisis in contemporary Christian faith. Since, many fail to give to God what is due to Him as they focus on other teachings, principles, teachings and beliefs that reduce their obedience, trust, and faithfulness to the Word of God. This same scenario is the primary concern that the faithful in Colossae were facing. In fact, one of the major themes of Colossians is how to address false beliefs that threatened faith of Christians in Colossae. Geographically, Colossae was one of the three cities situated 100 miles from Ephesus.10 The other two cities were Laodicea and Hierapolis.11 Colossae was considered as the melting pot of the East and West. There was a time that it was an important trade route. However, economic activities within the city started to slow down until it became a small town. Nonetheless, Colossae remained a significant city because of the numerous beliefs and philosophies mingled within the city. Ideas continued to influx the city.12 These ideas and

Issue of climate change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Issue of climate change - Assignment Example The past century alone saw global see levels go up by approximately 8 inches. There is enough evidence of sea ice melting while patterns of precipitation continue to change. As some parts of the world receive more rainfall, others are receiving very little or none at all. As a result of increased absorption of COÂ ­2, the oceans are increasingly becoming acidic. Yes the issue may receive a lot of hype from the media and political fronts but it is real, the planet earth’s climate is undergoing change and may be a threat to life in future. We must do something to avert the situation and protect our environment going forward. There is therefore no doubt that climate on the planet earth is not the same again. Human activity is the greatest culprit. Industrialization, deforestation, heavy economic reliance on fossil fuels and other sources of greenhouse gasses are some human activities behind the global climatic change. It has thus come a time when we must sober up and think about our planet’s climatic condition seriously. Green energy technologies, increasing the forest cover and being energy economical are some of the steps we can take to reverse the current climatic situation. Environmental pollution must stop at all costs so as to permit safe of survival of plant and animal

Personal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Personal - Essay Example In this case, the professor advocates for more talk than reading (Dickinson, 34). Good presentations are always structured in sections and in this case, the professor talks of the importance of organizing the points. It is also important to do a dry run on the topic before the main presentation. Showing interests in the students is also advisable. It is always wrong to intimidate the students or embarrass them (Dilts, 67). Communication during the presentation also remains an important component. In this case, it is always important to engage the students in the discussion. The communication component goes with the body language, flow of the language and giving the students a chance to contribute in the discussion. Circling the class gives the professor a chance to engage with every person in the class (Dilts, 70). Accepting interruption during the presentation is evidence enough that the students are concentrating on the topic of discussion. It is also important to finish strongly or knowing when to stop lecturing. Too much lecture can be become boring for

Internet law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Internet law - Essay Example In addition to this, the DBA certificate must be obtained to ensure that other businesses do not take the same name as that of the business in question. Even though not mandatory; registering a trademark would be beneficial. This offers him the protection against using the same name for another business. When a person chooses a business name which exists earlier; he has to make modifications to it before establishing the business in market, the location of business, the kind of trade done or entrepreneur’s name. An apparent distinction has to be done between the existing name and the new business name. â€Å"When choosing a name that already exists, you can legally use a universal name like "ABC Florist" as long as you change any direct associations between the business and a sole proprietor or owner already attached to a different business in another state. For example, you could not name the business, â€Å"Maggy K. Smith Florist† if that name already exists in another state. However, you could name it ‘DEF Florist’." (Gaston 2010). The services of a solicitor may be required for registering a domain name or for enforcing such a privilege over an existing service provider. The main aspects are in terms of the procedures, likely cost, time scale, and the chances of success. Procedures: The procedures are quite simple. It is necessary to seek out a domain name, registrar and complete the necessary formalities. There are registrations being undertaken free of cost and others for nominal costs. In this case, it is seen that the name of Bradford Models already exists, although it is not indulging in the business of wooden toys as what Maggie May (MM) is doing. Moreover, neither these businesses are registered with the appropriate authorities. Since the identical business is not a registered domain, prima facie, there is no rule that could prevent MM for operating this domain; since this is a public property now. However, in order to

Object of choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Object of choice - Essay Example The vital role that paper plays in the lives of people today cannot be overlooked. Paper as an object was chosen owing to its immense influence it has on the lives of people today; everyone in the society interact with papers in one way or the other. From offices, work environments, schools, court, police stations, manufacturing industries to the general society, the necessity of papers is highly appreciated. Paper traces its history from the emergence of education and the need to communicate ideas on a more erudite ways. There are several issues that can hardly be expressed on electronic forms and paper has to be availed to verify the authenticity of the documents since through papers signatures and rubber stamps can be inserted (Dimopoulos, 128-9). Books are some of the key aspects of the society that has led to the current developments and these are products of paper work. Well, one would argue that recent technology has replaced paper, but a question can arise, for example, †˜Can one use the current technology to replace tissue paper used in the toilets?†. The paper issue when mentioned in comparison to the current stance of technology results to arguments which, therefore, make this object a relevant object of analysis. The object is a concrete item that is artificially made and this makes it fit with the course instructions. It is assumed that the paper generation has embraced all societies in the world and everyone in one way or the other has interacted with a paper.

Teaching Theories Essay Example for Free

Teaching Theories Essay The purpose of this report is to research theories, frameworks and the different aspects relating to the effects of inclusive learning and teaching of disabled learners We continually face challenges in supporting the learning of our students in our changing world. The curriculum that frames our learning and teaching practices are developed from research and learning theories. Expectations emphasise knowing how to learn and how to understand, access and use information gained. In the first half of the 20th century two theories dominated the way we learnt, Pavlov and Skinner were influential figures with their extensive research largely based on laboratory studies of animals. Skinners operant conditioning theories (Baldwin and Baldwin 1986) uses a mixture of positive and negative reinforcement to control learner’s behaviours. Operant conditioning is such a fundamental aspect of learning and is also effective in behaviour management. This is achieved entirely through verbal feedback, for both positive and negative reinforcement, on a negative this theory focused on observable behaviour and less on what learners gained in knowledge. In the middle of the 20th century research began to look closely into acquisition of knowledge, although the teacher still played the most active role. In the1970’s research moved away from laboratories and into more natural learning situations, this showed learners playing an active and strategic role in their own learning. Piaget’s theory had a huge impact on teaching methods a this time and remains one of the most important cognitive development theories in education to date, although further evidence suggests Piaget underestimated the ability of infants and children as well as not accounting for individual differences. Constructivist theory works well with disabled learners, due to the fact that the learners do not seem so overwhelmed and frustrated and it aids in mot ivating the students. Teachers should prioritize and teach the most important facts relating to key ideas, the main aim and purpose of implementing this theory is intended to not cause undue stress or reason for the learners to feel overwhelmed with having to take on board and memorize too much information at any given time. The teacher should utilise techniques such as brainstorming in order to access and asses the skills and abilities gained by the students on an on-going basis, Students can track their own progress and errors and gain feelings of confidence and success. Although the behaviourist theories are positive in that they suggest  breaking down tasks into small manageable segments, the best teaching practices tend to integrate ideas from all of the theory principles and integrate them to produce a more successful outcome. Research enables us to understand how learning occurs, thus enabling the teachers to select and design the curriculum and look at the learning environments and the strategies for teaching and assessing those which support disabled learning. Knowing how to support the learning process for our students and implementing and identifying the theories and principles concerned, allows us to create and enjoy rich learning and life experiences for all those involved. Learning is central to economic success †¦ Those who are disadvantaged educationally are also disadvantaged economically and socially; equity and viability dictate that all should have the opportunity to succeed. (Kennedy 1997:15) People with disabilities experience stigma being attached to them which can on occasions be more detrimental and painful than the disability itself. Many children are kept at home or are institutionalised in one form or another; this tends to occur due to the lack of support for families and the feeling of worthlessness. The stigma attached to disabled people such as being frowned upon and seen as being a hindrance and a drain on society can form such opinions as for example †there’s no point in educating disabled people as they are incapable of working or contributing to society† Attitudes are made of individual personal experiences as well as feelings, reactions and beliefs of the past. This consequently forms a cluster of set ideas which are called stereotypes. Bohner and Wanke (2002, p.5) defined it â€Å"attitude is a summary evaluation of an object of thought.† As attitudes influence perception, thinking, other attitudes and behaviour, they contribute significantly to a person’s psychological make-up. The negatives of stereotyping are they can lead people to assume all members of a set group possess similar features and/or act in the same way. As these are handed down from generation to generation stereotyping needs to be challenged in all manners so that we can educate others and aid disabled learners in reaching their full potential and having the confidence to do so. Disabled people developed the social model of disability because the traditional medical model didn’t explain their personal experience of  disability or help develop more inclusive ways of living. The social model dictates that disability is a reflection of the way society is organised, whereas the medical model looks at what is â€Å"wrong† with the person instead of the †needs of the person†. An example of the above would be a learner with visual impairment having to read something for the benefit of their studies, unfortunately under the medical model solutions are far and few between, an example of a social model solution would be giving access to a full- text audio recording. Inclusive education is the practice of teaching disabled students alongside their non-disabled peers within regular classroom settings, instead of segregating them into special classrooms. The principle of inclusion is based on the idea that every person has a right to belong and be included in the education community. This has benefits for both disabled and non-disabled learners as both can learn different skills from each other. Inclusive learning promotes autonomy and personal growth, quality of life depending on their ability to exercise choice and self-determination, self-worth and esteem, the building of meaningful relationships and peer role models for academic, social and behavioural skills. Adaptations facilitate access to the general education curriculum (Fisher Frey, 2001); for inclusion to be successful, its essential to implement adaptations that meet individual student needs (Cross, Traub, Hutter-Pishgahi, Shelton, 2004). For the non-disabled learners it aids in developing other skills such as empathy, acceptance, skill acquisition and problem solving. It also encourages respect and acceptance for individual differences and preparation of a learner’s future in an inclusive society. Communication and Collaboration are at the heart of learning and change, between all those involved. Practitioners have obligations under legislation including Part 4 of the Education Act 1996 and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. They also have obligations including a requirement to have regard to the SEN Code of Practice. Bernes (1973) Transactional analysis theory is a method of analysing communication using three personality states; the child, the parent and the adult. This helps us to reflect on our communications with others and be  mindful in our approaches when doing so. Communication itself has a huge impact on the learners and inclusive learning; there is a lot to consider when looking at modifications required. Teachers need to be aware of the environment provided, such as seating arrangements and background noise and ensure that the communication is accurate, jargon free, and work is prioritised with sub headings and explanations are brief and clear. Any expectations regarding learners are stated firmly. Visuals aids and trips beyond the setting are required to extend the learners experiences and imaginations coupled with the need for any worksheets to be proofread before handing to the students. The information must be accessible in all different formats and text should cover equality, differentiation and inclusiveness. Above all there must be an importance with respect to the development of inclusive learning as active listening to learner’s voices aids them to gain a feeling of belonging and provides them with the willingness to participate. Inclusive learning comes with a wide range of challenges. National exams fail to always accommodate the student’s diverse backgrounds and needs, and so does the curriculum which tends to be content heavy and lack flexibility. Budgets for education services to supply resources required to support learners is problematic and so is access to some environment/ settings. Lack of involvement and support from our learner’s family can also cause barriers that need to be overcome. Lack of training for staff is a huge issue as lack of communication skills to communicate with learners with a disability can cause underachievement and low expectations, also lesson planning that covers learners diverse needs and cultural backgrounds takes more consideration and time as designing such teaching materials to suit all is a challenge. In conclusion theories are required to continue to develop through further research to enable our learners to further their skills and reach their full potential. Inclusive learning techniques and practices are required to ensure the progression of disabled learners within society and  provide the opportunity to change the misconception of disabilities and their impact. The education process and all those involved needs to implement, review, adjust and strive to overcome and manage barriers faced by the learners on a day to day basis. The question is no longer which approach is best but how we can apply what has been learned from each model in a way that can produce positive outcomes such as attainment and achievement.

Indias Economic, Social and Political Development

Indias Economic, Social and Political Development Discuss how India has changed economically socially and politically with respect to other parts of the world. India is a developing country located in Asia; it is the second most populated country in the world. India in the past decade has changed economically, socially and politically. India has become an increasingly important part of the global economic landscape over the past decade. Its economy has become more open to international trade. Its workforce is growing strongly and the rate of investment has picked up following economic reforms. This essay will be aimed at the economic political and social changes in India with respect to other parts of the world. Economic Changes Looking back at the first decade of the 21st Century (2000-2010) we strongly consider that this decade certainly can be called India’s Decade of Development. The structure of the Indian economy differs in some important respects from that of most other developing economies, the population is growing and its economy has benefited from its working age population expected to grow till the next four decades. Mukesh Ambani states that â€Å"As long as we place millions of Indians at the canter of our thought process, as long as we think of their welfare, their future, and their opportunities for self-realization we are on the right track. For India can grow, prosper, flourish only if they grow, prosper, flourish. We cannot grow by any esoteric strategies. Our purchasing power, our economic strength, our marketplace all depends on the prosperity of our people† (n.d.). India’s economy has had a rapid change in real terms; the growth in per capita income has been modest over the past decade. In terms of constant prices, the per capita income which was Rs. 16,173 in (2000-01) rose to Rs. 24,295 by (2007-08) and to 26,618 in (2009-10). That is a rise of 64 percent over the decade. The per capita income would have been higher but for the global economic crisis which pulled down the countrys growth rate during 2008-09 to 6.8 percent from 9.3 percent in the previous year and 9.6 percent in the year before (Adam Mark , 2010) (Nirupam Jeffrey, 2011).(This can be seen in Table 1 below) Table 1 Source: Economic Survey, various issues, Ministry of Finance, Government of India Social Changes There has been a rapid social change in India over the past decade. The social structures of India has transformed in over the last two decades. There has been an amendment in some areas like family, caste system, and marriage system. The Indian family structure has changed due to the effects of modern social forces. There has been modifications in the way families relate and operate. The main structure of an Indian family is the joint structure whereby the family members live under the same roof in this type of family structure the eldest male is the head, he make the decision on behalf of the whole family. However, the properties and money belongs to everyone. In actual fact, the joint family system is losing significance and an urban family type is been practised thereby causing a causing a change to a nuclear family system (Mahesh, 2011). According to (C.H Cooley) ‘When a class is somewhat hereditary, we may call it caste’. The caste system India has changed with the effects of modern education, industrialisation, social reforms, change in legislation, and the influence of modern communication systems. Hereditary social structure, fixed occupations and food restriction were prominent in India whereby you have to continue your family’s occupation and behaviour also there are different jobs for different caste types for example there is a certain caste to become a soldier. However, caste systems are losing their importance as modernisation and sanskritisation have changed the way people think and behave (Calicut, 2011). There are four main types of marriage in India which are polygyny, polyandry, endogamy and monogamy. However, there has been a tremendous change in the marriage structure; monogamy is now the practised marriage system in India as a result of others been legally prohibited. Also the influence of parents in choosing their children’s partners has really reduced and children are now choosing their partners. In addition there has been alterations in the age of marriage and a man under 21 years is not allowed to marry while a woman under 18 years cannot marry (Mahesh, 2011). International relations The Indian economy has become more diverse and globally integrated, as the Indian economy benefited from the high working age population so as other countries benefited from this. The population in India has attracted a lot of investors due to the fact that labour is cheap and also political factors have also influenced the rate of foreign investors. Apart from this technological factors have also played a major role in the increase in investment as most electrical parts are exported from India however, India has become a resourceful location for electrical and technology companies India is increasing its importance as a trading partner to countries, and there has been increase in the investment of GDP in India over the past decade. India is the world’s fifth largest oil refining country, it has a strong trading relationship with United Arab Emirate which is a major importer of processed petroleum products also India is a significant importer of precious stones which are mostly processed and exported to other countries. In addition, India is a good exporter of iron ore although iron ore has a low share of its total export due to the high export duty fees applied to promote growth in the country’s steel sector (Adam Mark , 2010). (As can be seen in Table 2) Table 2 Source: UN Comtrade In conclusion, during the past decade there has been a lot of changes In India. The Indian economy due to political changes has become very strong, there has been an increase in the GDP and India is now mentioned among the top four developing countries (BRIC).In addition, there has been a lot of social changes in India including factors like caste, marriage system, education and family structure; these factors have played a significant role in the changes recognised in India today. India is the second most populous country in the world with an estimate of 1.26 billion people (Statistics, 2014).As a result of this, the Indian economy will continue to grow as over 65% of the population is below 35 years old. India’s relationship with other countries has also been strengthened following necessary reforms and India now trades with a lot of countries also the rate of foreign investors has increased. Finally it can be said that if developing countries like India, China, Brazil, Nigeria, Russia etc. continue to grow at this rate they would challenge the sovereignty of developed countries like the USA, UK, France, Germany etc. References Adam, C. Mark , B., 2010. Economic Change in India. Bulletin, September, pp. 19-24. Calicut, U. o., 2011. India society and Social change. [Online] Available at: http://www.universityofcalicut.info/SDE/BA_sociology_indian_society.pdf [Accessed 10 June 2014]. Mahesh, C., 2011. India Society and Social Change. In: H. Mohamad, ed. India Society and Social Change. Khozikode: Computer Section, SDE, pp. 15-38. Nirupam, B. Jeffrey, S. D., 2011. INDIAS DECADE OF DEVELOPMENT. [Online] Available at: http://globalcenters.columbia.edu/mumbai/files/mumbai/content/CGC_WP4_Indias_Decade_of_Development_II.pdf [Accessed 19 June 2014]. Statistics, W. P., 2014. World Population statistics. [Online] Available at: http://www.worldpopulationstatistics.com/population-of-india-2014/ [Accessed 19 June 2014]. [i] 1 [i] Rs = India Rupee Rs1 =  £0.0097 (BRIC) = Brazil Russia India China